A numerical model to predict static friction for metallic point contacts was developed and validated by comparison to experimental measurements using a specially designed test rig. Key aspects of the numerical model were the incorporation of a digitized real rough surface profile, application of discrete convolution fast Fourier transform (DC-FFT) to predict local asperity interference, and modification of the yield strength to capture the effect of cold hardening. It was found that these model features are critically important to quantitative prediction of static friction. The model significantly underestimated the static friction coefficient if randomly generated surfaces having statistical parameters the same as the measured rough surface were used; digitized real rough surfaces enabled accurate predictions. Further, the model was able to describe the static friction of worn surfaces after cold hardening was introduced through modification of material yield strength. This work illustrates the importance of incorporating the surface features and the change of those features with wear to accurately and reliably predict static friction.
Issue Section:
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication
References
1.
Bhushan
, B.
, 2003, “Adhesion and Stiction: Mechanisms, Measurement Techniques, and Methods for Reduction
,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B
, 21
(6
), pp. 2262
–2296
.2.
Archard
, J. F.
, 1957, “Elastic Deformation and the Laws of Friction
,” Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A
, 243
, pp. 190
–205
.3.
Greenwood
, J.
, and Williamson
, J.
, 1966, “Contact of Nominally Flat Surfaces
,” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A
, 295
(1442
), pp. 300
–319
.4.
Chang
, W. R.
, Etsion
, I.
, and Bogy
, D. B.
, 1988, “Static Friction Coefficient Model for Metallic Rough Surfaces
,” ASME J. Tribol.
, 110
(1
), pp. 57
–63
.5.
Stanley
, H. M.
, Etsion
, I.
, and Bogy
, D. B.
, 1990, “Adhesion of Contacting Rough Surfaces in the Presence of Sub-boundary Lubrication
,” ASME J. Tribol.
, 112
(1
), pp. 98
–104
.6.
Polycarpou
, A.
, and Etsion
, I.
, 1998, “Comparison of the Static Friction Subboundary Lubrication Model with Experimental Measurements on Thin-Film Disks
,” Tribol. Trans.
, 41
(2
), pp. 217
–224
.7.
Kogut
, L.
, and Etsion
, I.
, 2002, “Elastic-Plastic Contact Analysis of a Sphere and a Rigid Flat
,” ASME J. Appl. Mech.
, 69
(5
), pp. 657
–662
.8.
Kogut
, L.
, and Etsion
, I.
, 2003, “A Semi-Analytical Solution for the Sliding Inception of a Spherical Contact
,” ASME J. Tribol.
, 125
, pp. 499
–506
.9.
Kogut
, L.
, and Etsion
, I.
, 2003, “Adhesion in Elastic-Plastic Spherical Microcontact
,” J. Colloid Interface Sci.
, 261
(2
), pp. 372
–378
.10.
Kogut
, L.
, and Etsion
, I.
, 2004, “A Static Friction Model for Elastic-Plastic Contacting Rough Surfaces
,” ASME J. Tribol.
, 126
(1
), pp. 34
–40
.11.
Yu
, N.
, Pergande
, S.
, and Polycarpou
, A.
, 2004, “Static Friction Model for Rough Surfaces With Asymmetric Distribution of Asperity Heights
,” ASME J. Tribol.
, 126
(3
), pp. 626
–629
.12.
Chang
, W. R.
, Etsion
, I.
, and Bogy
, D. B.
, 1987, “An Elastic-Plastic Model for the Contact of Rough Surfaces
,” ASME J. Tribol.
, 109
(2
), pp. 257
–263
.13.
Jackson
, R. L.
, and Green
, I.
, 2005, “A Finite Element Study of Elasto-Plastic Hemispherical Contact
,” ASME J. Tribol.
, 127
(2
), pp. 343
–354
.14.
Liu
, S. B.
, Wang
, Q.
, and Liu
, G.
, 2000, “A Versatile Method of Discrete Convolution and FFT (DC-FFT) for Contact Analyses
,” Wear
, 243
(1-2
), pp. 101
–111
.15.
Martini
, A.
, Escoffier
, B.
, Wang
, Q.
, Liu
, S. B.
, Keer
, L. M.
, Zhu
, D.
, and Bujold
, M.
, 2006, “Prediction of Subsurface Stress in Elastic Perfectly Plastic Rough Components
,” Tribol. Lett.
, 23
(3
), pp. 243
–251
.16.
Martini
, A.
, Velter
, G.
, Keer
, L. M.
, and Wang
, Q.
, 2007, “Enhancement of a Simplified Model for Maximum Stress Prediction
,” Tribol. Lett.
, 27
(1
), pp. 61
–67
.17.
1996,
ASM Specialty Handbook - Carbon and Alloy Steels
, J. R.
Davis
, ed., American Society for Metals International
, Metals Park, OH
.18.
1982,
Engineering Properties of Steels
, P. D.
Harvey
, ed., American Society for Metals
, Metals Park, OH
.19.
Brizmer
, V.
, Kligerman
, Y.
, and Etsion
, I.
, 2007, “Elastic-Plastic Spherical Contact Under Combined Normal and Tangential Loading in Full Stick
,” Tribol. Lett.
, 25
(1
), pp. 61
–70
.20.
Cohen
, D.
, Kligerman
, Y.
, and Etsion
, I.
, 2008, “A Model for Contact and Static Friction of Nominally Flat Rough Surfaces Under Full Stick Contact Condition
,” ASME J. Tribol.
130
(3
), p. 031401
.21.
Chang
, W. R.
, Etsion
, I.
, and Bogy
, D. B.
, 1988, “Adhesion Model for Metallic Rough Surfaces
,” ASME J. Tribol.
, 110
(1
), pp. 50
–56
.22.
Garcia
, J.
, Martini
, A.
, and Lumkes
, J.
, 2010, “Experimental Measurements of Static Friction for Line Contacts at High Speed Inputs
,” Proceedings of the 6th FPNI PhD Symposium
, June 15–19, (Volume 1.), West Lafayette, IN. pp. 207
–216
.23.
Williams
, J. A.
, 2005, Engineering Tribology
, vol. 10
. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
, England
.24.
Hall
, R. M.
, Unsworth
, A.
, Wroblewski
, B. M.
, and Burgess
, I. C.
, 1994, “Frictional Characterization of Explanted Charnley Hip Prostheses
,” Wear
, 175
(1-2
), pp. 159
–166
.25.
Etsion
, I.
, and Amit
, M.
, 1993, “The Effect of Small Normal Loads on the Static Friction Coefficient for Very Smooth Surfaces
,” ASME J. Tribol.
, 115
(3
), pp. 406
–410
.26.
Ibrahim Dickey
, R. D.
, Jackson
, R. L.
, and Flowers
, G. T.
, 2011, “Measurement of Static Friction Coefficients and Comparison to Theoretical Models
,” ASME J. Tribol.
133
(3
), p. 031408
.27.
2007,
Product Data Bulletin 304/304L Stainless Steel
, AK Steel West Chester, OH after Corporation
, pp. 1
–8
.28.
Lee
, C.-H.
, Eriten
, M.
, and Polycarpou
, A.
, 2010, “Application of Elastic-Plastic Static Friction Models to Rough Surfaces With Asymmetric Asperity Distribution
,” ASME J. Tribol.
, 132
(3
), p. 031602
.Copyright © 2012
by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
You do not currently have access to this content.
