This paper investigates the influences of tooth indexing errors on dynamic factors of spur gears. An experimental study is performed using root strain measurements to (i) establish baseline dynamic behavior of gears having negligible indexing errors and (ii) characterize changes caused by tightly controlled intentional indexing errors to this baseline dynamic behavior. For this, test gears having different forms of indexing errors are paired with an instrumented gear having negligible indexing error. Dynamic root strains of teeth in the neighborhood of teeth with indexing error are measured. A dynamic gear load distribution model is employed to simulate these experiments. Both measurements and predictions indicate clearly that the baseline dynamic response, dominated by well-defined resonance peaks, is altered significantly by transient vibrations induced by indexing errors, in the process increasing dynamic factors significantly in comparison to the case of negligible indexing error.
Issue Section:
Design of Direct Contact Systems
References
1.
Ozguven
, H. N.
, and Houser
, D. R.
, 1988
, “Mathematical Models Used in Gear Dynamics—A Review
,” J. Sound Vib.
, 121
(3
), pp. 383
–411
.2.
Wang
, J.
, Li
, R.
, and Peng
, X.
, 2003
, “Survey of Nonlinear Vibration of Gear Transmission Systems
,” ASME Appl. Mech. Rev.
, 56
(3
), pp. 309
–329
.3.
Vedmar
, L.
, and Henriksson
, B.
, 1998
, “A General Approach for Determining Dynamic Forces in Spur Gears
,” ASME J. Mech. Des.
, 120
(4
), pp. 593
–598
.4.
Baud
, S.
, and Velex
, P.
, 2002
, “Static and Dynamic Tooth Loading in Spur and Helical Geared Systems—Experiments and Model Validation
,” ASME J. Mech. Des.
, 124
(2
), pp. 334
–346
.5.
Velex
, P.
, and Maatar
, M.
, 1996
, “A Mathematical Model for Analyzing the Influence of Shape Deviations and Mounting Errors on Gear Dynamic Behavior
,” J. Sound Vib.
, 191
(5
), pp. 629
–660
.6.
Tamminana
, V. K.
, Kahraman
, A.
, and Vijayakar
, S.
, 2007
, “On the Relationship Between the Dynamic Factors and Dynamic Transmission Error of Spur Gear Pairs
,” ASME J. Mech. Des.
, 129
(1
), pp. 75
–84
.7.
Hotait
, M.
, and Kahraman
, A.
, 2013
, “Experiments on the Relationship Between the Dynamic Transmission Error and the Dynamic Stress Factor of Spur Gear Pairs
,” Mech. Mach. Theory
, 70
, pp. 116
–128
.8.
Blankenship
, G. W.
, and Kahraman
, A.
, 1995
, “Steady State Forced Response of a Mechanical Oscillator With Combined Parametric Excitation and Clearance Type Nonlinearity
,” J. Sound Vib.
, 185
(5
), pp. 743
–765
.9.
Kahraman
, A.
, and Blankenship
, G. W.
, 1996
, “Interaction Between External and Parametric Excitations in Systems With Clearance
,” J. Sound Vib.
, 194
(3
), pp. 317
–336
.10.
Kahraman
, A.
, and Blankenship
, G. W.
, 1997
, “Experiments on Nonlinear Dynamic Behavior of an Oscillator With Clearance and Time-Varying Parameters
,” ASME J. Appl. Mech.
, 64
(1
), pp. 217
–226
.11.
Kahraman
, A.
, and Blankenship
, G. W.
, 1999
, “Effect of Involute Contact Ratio on Spur Gear Dynamics
,” ASME J. Mech. Des.
, 121
(1
), pp. 112
–118
.12.
Kahraman
, A.
, and Blankenship
, G. W.
, 1999
, “Effect of Involute Tip Relief on Dynamic Response of Spur Gear Pairs
,” ASME J. Mech. Des.
, 121
(2
), pp. 313
–315
.13.
Kubur
, M.
, Kahraman
, A.
, Zini
, D.
, and Kienzle
, K.
, 2004
, “Dynamic Analysis of a Multi-Shaft Helical Gear Transmission by Finite Elements: Model and Experiment
,” ASME J. Vib. Acoust.
, 126
(3
), pp. 398
–406
.14.
Hotait
, M.
, and Kahraman
, A.
, 2008
, “Experiments on Root Stresses of Helical Gears With Lead Crown and Misalignments
,” ASME J. Mech. Des.
, 130
, p. 074502
.15.
Kang
, M.
, and Kahraman
, A.
, 2012
, “Measurement of Vibratory Motions of Gears Supported by Compliant Shafts
,” Mech. Syst. Signal Process.
, 29
, pp. 391
–403
.16.
Kang
, M. R.
, and Kahraman
, A.
, 2015
, “An Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Dynamic Behavior of Double-Helical Gear Sets
,” J. Sound Vib.
, 350
, pp. 11
–29
.17.
AGMA
, 2004
, “Fundamental Rating Factors and Calculation Methods for Involute Spur and Helical Gear Teeth [English Units]
,” 1st ed., American Gear Manufacturers Association, Alexandria, VA, Standard No. ANSI/AGMA 2001-D04.18.
ISO
, 2006
, “Calculation of Load Capacity of Spur and Helical Gears—Part 1: Basic Principles, Introduction, and General Influence Factors
,” International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland, Standard No. ISO 6336-1.19.
Utagawa
, M.
, and Harada
, T.
, 1961
, “Dynamic Loads on Spur Gear Teeth Having Pitch Errors at High Speed
,” Bull. JSME
, 18
, pp. 374
–381
.20.
Houser
, D. R.
, and Seireg
, A. A.
, 1970
, “An Experimental Investigation of Dynamic Factors in Spur and Helical Gears
,” ASME J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.
, 92
(2
), pp. 495
–503
.21.
Seireg
, A.
, and Houser
, D. R.
, 1970
, “Evaluation of Dynamic Factors for Spur and Helical Gears
,” ASME J. Eng. Ind.
, 92
(2
), pp. 504
–515
.22.
Welbourn
, D. B.
, 1979
, “Fundamental Knowledge of Gear Noise—A Survey
,” The Institution of Mechanical Engineers, London, Report No. IMechE-C117/79.23.
Kubo
, A.
, Yamada
, K.
, Aida
, T.
, and Sato
, S.
, 1972
, “Research on Ultra High Speed Gear Devices (Reports 1-3)
,” Trans. Jpn. Soc. Mech. Eng.
, 38
(314
), pp. 2692
–2715
.24.
Radzevich
, S. P.
, and Dudley
, D. W.
, 1994
, Handbook of Practical Gear Design
, CRC Press
, Boca Raton, FL
.25.
Handschuh
, M. J.
, Kahraman
, A.
, and Milliren
, M. R.
, 2014
, “Impact of Tooth Spacing Errors on the Root Stresses of Spur Gear Pairs
,” ASME J. Mech. Des.
, 136
(6
), p. 061010
.26.
Inalpolat
, M.
, Handschuh
, M.
, and Kahraman
, A.
, 2015
, “Influence of Indexing Errors on Dynamic Response of Spur Gear Pairs
,” Mech. Syst. Signal Process.
, 60–61
, pp. 391
–405
.27.
Raclot
, J. P.
, and Velex
, P.
, 1999
, “Simulation of the Dynamic Behaviour of Single and Multi-Stage Geared Systems With Shape Deviations and Mounting Errors by Using a Spectral Method
,” J. Sound Vib.
, 220
(5
), pp. 861
–903
.28.
Sainte Marie
, N.
, Roulois
, G.
, Marrot
, F.
, and Velex
, P.
, 2015
, “Transmission Error Based Simulations of the Dynamic Response of Geared Systems—On the Influence of Spacing Errors on Spur and Helical Gear Dynamics
,” VDI International Conference on Gears
, Garching, Germany, Oct. 5–7, pp. 721
–734
.29.
Talbot
, D.
, and Kahraman
, A.
, 2015
, “A Dynamic Load Distribution Model for Parallel Axis Gear Pairs
,” VDI International Conference on Gears
, Garching, Germany, Oct. 5–7, pp. 493
–502
.30.
Singh
, A.
, and Houser
, D. R.
, 1994
, “Analysis of Off-Line of Action Contact at the Tips of Gear Teeth
,” SAE Technical Paper No. 941761.31.
Yau
, E.
, Busby
, H. R.
, and Houser
, D. R.
, 1994
, “A Rayleigh–Ritz Approach to Modeling Bending and Shear Deflections of Gear Teeth
,” Comput. Struct.
, 50
(5
), pp. 705
–713
.32.
Stegemiller
, M. E.
, and Houser
, D. R.
, 1993
, “A Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Base Flexibility of Gear Teeth
,” ASME J. Mech. Des.
, 115
(1
), pp. 186
–192
.33.
Weber
, C.
, 1949
, “The Deformations of Loaded Gears and the Effect on Their Load-Carrying Capacity
,” Sponsored Research (Germany), British Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Report No. 3.34.
Conry
, T. F.
, and Seireg
, A.
, 1973
, “A Mathematical Programming Technique for the Evaluation of Load Distribution and Optimal Modifications for Gear Systems
,” ASME J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.
, 95
, pp. 1115
–1122
.35.
Clapper
, M. L.
, and Houser
, D.
, 1994
, “A Boundary Element Procedure for Predicting Helical Gear Root Stresses and Load Distribution Factors
,” American Gear Manufacturers Association
, Alexandria, VA, Standard No. 94FTM6.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
