Abstract
An original displacement-based formulation of tooth friction power losses in spur and helical gears is established, which can account for the influence of tooth profile modifications. Several analytical formulas are derived enabling friction losses to be easily estimated for a wide range of gears at the design stage. Numerous comparisons with both the classic formulas in the literature and the results of numerical simulations are presented, which confirm the accuracy of the proposed approach.
Issue Section:
Research Papers
Keywords:
friction,
gears,
numerical analysis,
gear,
friction,
power loss,
profile modifications,
relief,
efficiency
1.
Reuleaux
, F.
, 1894, The Constructor—A Handbook of Machine Design
, 4th ed., H. H.
Suplee
, ed., H. H. Suplee
, Philadelphia, PA
, pp. 127
–150
(available online at KMODDL).2.
Weisbach
, J.
, 1894, Principles of the Mechanics of Machinery and Engineering
, Wiley
, New York
, Vol. 3
, pp. 347
–360
.3.
Buckingham
, E.
, 1949, Analytical Mechanics of Gears
, McGraw-Hill
, London
, pp. 395
–425
.4.
Merritt
, H. E.
, 1971, Gear Engineering
, Pitman
, New York
pp. 345
–357
.5.
Niemann
, G.
, and Winter
, H.
, 1989, Maschinenelement
, Springer-Verlag
, Berlin
, Vol. 2
.6.
Pedrero
, J. I.
, 1999, “Determination of the Efficiency of Cylindrical Gear Sets
,” Fourth World Congress on Gearing and Power Transmission
, Paris, Vol. 1
, pp. 297
–302
.7.
Martin
, K. F.
, 1981, “The Efficiency of Involute Spur Gears
,” ASME J. Mech. Des.
0161-8458, 103
, pp. 160
–169
.8.
Trachman
, E. G.
, 1978, “A Simplified Technique for Predicting Traction in Elastohydrodynamic Contacts
,” Tribol. Trans.
1040-2004, 21
(1
), pp. 53
–62
.9.
Anderson
, N. E.
, and Loewenthal
, S. H.
, 1981, “Effect of Geometry and Operating Conditions on Spur Gear System Power Loss
,” ASME J. Mech. Des.
0161-8458, 103
, pp. 151
–159
.10.
Anderson
, N. E.
, and Loewenthal
, S. H.
, 1982, “Design of Spur Gears for Improved Efficiency
,” ASME J. Mech. Des.
0161-8458, 104
, pp. 767
–774
.11.
Diab
, Y.
, Ville
, F.
, Velex
, P.
, and Changenet
, C.
, 2004, “Windage Losses in High-Speed Gears—Preliminary Experimental and Theoretical Results
,” ASME J. Mech. Des.
0161-8458, 126
(5
), pp. 903
–908
.12.
Diab
, Y.
, Ville
, F.
, Houjoh
, H.
, Sainsot
, P.
, and Velex
, P.
, 2005, “Experimental and Numerical Investigations on the Air-Pumping Phenomenon in High-Speed Spur and Helical Gears
,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part C: J. Mech. Eng. Sci.
0954-4062, 219
, pp. 785
–800
.13.
Höhn
, B. R.
, Michaelis
, K.
, and Wimmer
, A.
, 2005, “Low Loss Gears
,” AGMA Fall Technical Meeting
, Paper No. 05FTM11.14.
Changenet
, C.
, Oviedo-Marlot
, X.
, and Velex
, P.
, 2006, “Power Loss Predictions in Geared Transmissions Using Thermal Networks—Applications to a 6-Speed Manual Gearbox
,” ASME J. Mech. Des.
0161-8458, 128
(3
), pp. 618
–625
.15.
Xu
, H.
, Kahraman
, A.
, Anderson
, N. E.
, and Maddock
, D. G.
, 2007, “Prediction of Mechanical Efficiency of Parallel-Axis Gear Pairs
,” ASME J. Mech. Des.
0161-8458, 129
(1
), pp. 58
–68
.16.
Diab
, Y.
, Ville
, F.
, and Velex
, P.
, 2006, “Prediction of Power Losses Due to Tooth Friction in Gears
,” Tribol. Trans.
1040-2004, 49
(2
), pp. 260
–270
.17.
Petry-Johnson
, T. T.
, Kahraman
, A.
, Anderson
, N. E.
, and Chase
, D. R.
, 2008, “An Experimental Investigation of Spur Gear Efficiency
,” ASME J. Mech. Des.
0161-8458, 130
(6
), p. 062601
.18.
Velex
, P.
, and Cahouet
, V.
, 2000, “Experimental and Numerical Investigations on the Influence of Tooth Friction in Spur and Helical Gear Dynamics
,” ASME J. Mech. Des.
0161-8458, 122
(4
), pp. 515
–522
.19.
Velex
, P.
, and Maatar
, M.
, 1996, “A Mathematical Model for Analyzing the Influence of Shape Deviations and Mounting Errors on Gear Dynamic Behaviour
,” J. Sound Vib.
0022-460X, 191
(5
), pp. 629
–660
.20.
Baud
, S.
, and Velex
, P.
, 2002, “Static and Dynamic Tooth Loading in Spur and Helical Geared Systems—Experiments and Model Validation
,” ASME J. Mech. Des.
0161-8458, 124
(2
), pp. 334
–346
.21.
Raclot
, J. -P.
, and Velex
, P.
, 1999, “Simulation of the Dynamic Behaviour of Single and Multi-Stage Geared Systems With Shape Deviations and Mounting Errors by Using a Spectral Method
,” J. Sound Vib.
0022-460X, 220
(5
), pp. 861
–903
.22.
Küçükay
, F.
, 1984, “Dynamic Behaviour of High Speed Gears
,” Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Vibrations in Rotating Machinery
, Heslington, UK, pp. 81
–90
.23.
Velex
, P.
, Maatar
, M.
, and Raclot
, J. -P.
, 1997, “Some Numerical Methods for the Simulation of Geared Transmission Dynamic Behavior—Formulation and Assessment
,” ASME J. Mech. Des.
0161-8458, 119
, pp. 292
–298
.24.
Weber
, C.
, and Banaschek
, K.
, 1953, Formänderung und Profilrücknahme bei Gerad-und Schrägverzahnten Antriebstechnik
, Vieweg
, Braunschweig
, Vol. 11
.25.
Lundberg
, G.
, 1939, “Elastische Berührung zweier Halbraüme
,” Forsch. Geb. Ing.
0367-2204, 10
(5
), pp. 201
–211
.26.
Munro
, R. G.
, 1990, “Optimum Profile Relief and Transmission Error in Spur Gears
,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, First International Conference on Gearbox Noise and Vibration
, Cambridge, pp. 35
–42
.27.
Velex
, P.
, and Sainsot
, P.
, 2002, “An Analytical Study of Tooth Friction Excitations in Errorless Spur and Helical Gears
,” Mech. Mach. Theory
0094-114X, 37
(7
), pp. 641
–658
.Copyright © 2009
by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
You do not currently have access to this content.
