Hardness tests are performed to determine not only hardness but also other properties such as strength, wear resistance, and deformation resistance. They are also performed to predict residual lifetime through analysis of the hardness reduction or hardness ratio. However, hardness tests require observation of the residual indentation, and for that reason are not widely used in industrial fields. This study thus examines obtaining Brinell hardness values without optical observation, using instead quantitative formulas and analyzing the relationship between the indentation depths from the indentation load-depth curve and mechanical properties such as the work-hardening exponent, yield strength, and elastic modulus on the basis of finite-element analysis.
Issue Section:
Research Papers
1.
Malzbender
, J.
, and de With
, G.
, 2000
, “Energy Dissipation, Fracture Toughness and the Indentation Load-Displacement Curve of Coated Materials
,” Surf. Technol.
, 135
, pp. 60
–68
.2.
Murty
, K. L.
, Mathew
, M. D.
, Wang
, Y.
, Shah
, V. N.
, and Haggag
, F. M.
, 1998
, “Nondestructive Determination of Tensile Properties and Fracture Toughness of Cold Worked A36 Steel
,” Int. J. Pressure Vessels Piping
, 75
, pp. 831
–840
.3.
Ahn
, J.-H.
, and Kwon
, D.
, 2001
, “Derivation of Plastic Stress-Strain Relationship From Ball Indentation: Examination of Strain Definition and Pileup Effect
,” J. Mater. Res.
, 16
, pp. 3170
–3178
.4.
Haggag, F. M., 1993, “In-Situ Measurements of Mechanical Properties Using Novel Automated Ball Indentation System,” ASTM STP 1204, Philadelphia, pp. 27–44.
5.
Asif
, S. A. S.
, Wahl
, K. J.
, and Colton
, R. J.
, 1999
, “Nanoindentation and Contact Stiffness Measurement Using Force Modulation With a Capacitive Load-Displacement Transducer
,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.
, 70
, pp. 2408
–2413
.6.
Lucas, B. N., Oliver, W. C., and Swindeman, J. E., 1998, “The Dynamics of Frequency-Specific, Depth-Sensing Indentation Testing,” Fundamentals of Nanoindentation and Nanotribology, N. R. Moody et al., eds., MRS, Warrendale, PA, Vol. 522, pp. 3–14.
7.
Suresh
, S.
, and Giannakopoulos
, A. E.
, 1998
, “A New Method for Estimating Residual Stresses by Instrumented Sharp Indentation
,” Acta Mater.
, 46
, pp. 5755
–5767
.8.
Lee
, Y.-H.
, and Kwon
, D.
, 2002
, “Residual Stresses in DLC/Si and Au/Si Systems: Application of a Stress-Relaxation Model to the Nanoindentation Technique
,” J. Mater. Res.
, 17
, pp. 901
–906
.9.
Dieter, G. E., 1988, Mechanical Metallurgy, McGraw-Hill, London, p. 326.
10.
Oliver
, W. C.
, and Pharr
, G. M.
, 1992
, “An Improved Technique for Determining Hardness and Elastic Modulus Using Load and Displacement Sensing Indentation Experiments
,” J. Mater. Res.
, 7
, pp. 1564
–1583
.11.
Doerner
, M. F.
, and Nix
, W. D.
, 1986
, “A Method for Interpreting the Data From Depth-Sensing Indentation Instruments
,” J. Mater. Res.
, 1
, pp. 601
–616
.12.
Norbury
, A. L.
, and Samuel
, T.
, 1928
, “The Recovery and Sinking-In or Piling-Up of Material in the Brinell Test, and the Effects of These Factors on the Correlation of the Brinell With Certain Other Hardness Tests
,” J. Iron Steel Inst., London
, 117
, pp. 673
–687
.13.
Rhee, S. S., and McClintock, F. A., 1962, “On the Effect of Strain Hardening on Strain Concentrations,” Proc. 4th US Nat. Conf. Applied Mechanics, ASME, Berkeley California.
14.
Hill
, R.
, Storkers
, B.
, and Zdunek
, A. B.
, 1989
, “A Theoretical Study of the Brinell Hardness Test
,” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A
, 423
, pp. 301
–330
.15.
Matthews
, J. R.
, 1980
, “Indentation Hardness and Hot Pressing
,” Acta Metall.
, 28
, pp. 311
–318
.16.
Taljat
, B.
, and Pharr
, G. M.
, 1998
, “Pile-Up Behavior of Spherical Indentations in Engineering Materials
,” Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc.
, 522
, pp. 33
–38
.17.
Alcala
, J.
, Barone
, A. C.
, and Anglada
, M.
, 2000
, “The Influence of Plastic Hardening on Surface Deformation Modes Around Vickers and Spherical Indents
,” Acta Mater.
, 48
, pp. 3451
–3464
.18.
Malzbender
, J.
, and de With
, G.
, 2002
, “Indentation Load-Displacement Curve, Plastic Deformation, and Energy
,” J. Mater. Res.
, 17
, pp. 502
–511
.19.
Stiwell
, N. A.
, and Tabor
, D.
, 1961
, “Elastic Recovery of Conical Indentations
,” Proc. Phys. Soc. London
, 2
, pp. 169
–180
.20.
Cai
, X.
, and Zhou
, P. N.
, 1992
, “Influence of Elastic Recovery on Microindentation Hardness—A Finite Element Analysis
,” Scr. Metall. Mater.
, 27
, pp. 347
–352
.21.
Tabor, D., 1951, Hardness of Metals, Clarendon Press, Oxford, p. 2.
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