Cavitation impact from a cavitation jet, which is formed from bubbles induced by a high-speed water jet in water, can be used for surface modification in a similar manner to shot peening. A cavitating jet is normally produced by injecting a high-speed water jet into a water-filled chamber. It is possible to make a cavitating jet in air by injecting a high-speed water jet into a concentric low-speed water jet that surrounds the high-speed jet. In order to demonstrate this, a high-speed water jet with a concentric low-speed water jet was impacted onto an aluminum specimen to observe the pattern of erosion. The mass loss of the specimen was weighed to measure the capability of the jet, since a more powerful jet produces a larger mass loss. It was shown that the combination of high- and concentric low-speed water jets produced a typical erosion pattern such as that obtained using a cavitating jet in a water-filled chamber. When the injection pressure of the concentric low-speed water jet was optimized, the capability of the cavitating jet in air was much greater than that of a cavitating jet in a water-filled chamber. It was demonstrated that an optimized cavitating jet in air introduced more compressive residual stress in the surface of tool steel alloy than that from a cavitating jet in a water-filled chamber. In addition, this stress was larger than that induced by shot peening. The peened surface was also less rough compared with shot peening.

Issue Section:
Technical Papers
Keywords:
cavitation, tool steel, aluminium, jets, internal stresses, forming processes, wear, fatigue, bubbles, surface hardening
Topics:
Cavitation, Pressure, Shot peening, Stress, Water, Aluminum, Jets, Tool steel, Bubbles
1.
Soyama
,
H.
,
Yamauchi
,
Y.
,
Adachi
,
Y.
,
Sato
,
K.
,
Shindo
,
T.
, and
Oba
,
R.
,
1995
, “
High-Speed Observations of the Cavitation Cloud Around a High-Speed Submerged Water Jet
,”
JSME Int. J., Ser. B
,
38
(
2
), pp.
245
–
251
.
2.
Soyama
,
H.
,
Yamauchi
,
Y.
,
Sato
,
K.
,
Ikohagi
,
T.
,
Oba
,
R.
, and
Oshima
,
R.
,
1996
, “
High-Speed Observation of Ultrahigh-Speed Submerged Water Jets
,”
Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci.
,
12
(
4
), pp.
411
–
416
.
3.
Soyama, H., Lichtarowicz, A., and Momma, T., 1996, “Vortex Cavitation in a Submerged Jet,” Proceedings of 1996 ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting, FED Vol. 236, ASME, New York, pp. 415–422.
4.
Soyama
,
H.
,
Yamauchi
,
Y.
,
Ikohagi
,
T.
,
Oba
,
R.
,
Sato
,
K.
,
Shindo
,
T.
, and
Oshima
,
R.
,
1996
, “
Marked Peening Effects by Highspeed Submerged-Water-Jets—Residual Stress Change on SUS304
,”
Journal of Jet Flow Engineering
,
13
(
1
), pp.
25
–
32
(in Japanese).
5.
Hirano
,
K.
,
Enomoto
,
K.
,
Hayashi
,
E.
, and
Kurosawa
,
K.
,
1996
, “
Effects of Water Jet Peening on Corrosion Resistance and Fatigue Strength of Type 304 Stainless Steel
,”
Journal of the Society of Materials Science Japan
,
45
(
7
), pp.
740
–
745
(in Japanese).
6.
Soyama
,
H.
, and
Asahara
,
M.
,
1999
, “
Improvement of the Corrosion Resistance of a Carbon Steel Surface by a Cavitating Jet
,”
J. Mater. Sci. Lett.
,
18
(
23
), pp.
1953
–
1955
.
7.
Soyama
,
H.
,
Park
,
J. D.
, and
Saka
,
M.
,
2000
, “
Use of Cavitating Jet for Introducing Compressive Residual Stress
,”
ASME J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.
,
122
(
1
), pp.
83
–
89
.
8.
Soyama
,
H.
,
2000
, “
Improvement in Fatigue Strength of Silicon Manganese Steel SUP7 by Using a Cavitating Jet
,”
JSME Int. J., Ser. A
,
43
(
2
), pp.
173
–
178
.
9.
Soyama
,
H.
,
Kusaka
,
T.
, and
Saka
,
M.
,
2001
, “
Peening by the Use of Cavitation Impacts for the Improvement of Fatigue Strength
,”
J. Mater. Sci. Lett.
,
20
(
13
), pp.
1263
–
1265
.
10.
Soyama
,
H.
,
Saito
,
K.
, and
Saka
,
M.
,
2002
, “
Improvement of Fatigue Strength of Aluminum Alloy by Cavitation Shotless Peening
,”
ASME J. Eng. Mater. Technol.
,
124
(
2
), pp.
135
–
139
.
11.
Odhiambo
,
D.
, and
Soyama
,
H.
,
2003
, “
Cavitation Shotless Peening for Improvement of Fatigue Strength of Carbonaized Steel
,” Int. J. Fatigue, in press.
12.
Daniewicz
,
S. R.
, and
Cummings
,
S. D.
,
1999
, “
Characterization of a Water Peening Process
,”
ASME J. Eng. Mater. Technol.
,
121
(
3
), pp.
336
–
340
.
13.
Ramulu
,
M.
,
Kunaporn
,
S.
,
Arola
,
D.
,
Hashish
,
M.
, and
Hopkins
,
J.
,
2000
, “
Waterjet Machining and Peening of Metals
,”
ASME J. Pressure Vessel Technol.
,
122
(
1
), pp.
90
–
95
.
14.
Soyama
,
H.
,
1999
, “
Increase of Ability of Water Jet by Using Cavitation Impacts and Its Application to Peening of Material
,”
Journal of Jet Flow Engineering
,
16
(
3
), pp.
22
–
28
(in Japanese).
15.
Vijey, M. M., and Brierley, W. H., 1978, “Cutting Rocks and Other Materials by Cavitating and Non-Cavitating Jets,” Proceedings of 4th International Symposium on Jet Cutting Technology, Paper No. C5, BHRA, Cranfield, UK, pp. 51–66.
16.
Vijey, M. M., Bai, C., Yan, W., and Tieu, A., 2001, “Reverse Flow Nozzle for Generating Natural Cavitating or Pulsed Waterjets: Basic Study and Applications,” Proceedings of 15th International Conference on Jetting Technology, BHRA, Cranfield, UK, pp. 1–17.
17.
Shimizu, S., Tanioka, K., and Ikegami, N., 1997, “Erosion Induced by Ultra High Speed Cavitating Jet,” Proceedings of Spring Meeting of Hydraulics & Pneumatics, pp. 5–8 (in Japanese).
18.
Soyama
,
H.
,
1998
, “
Material Testing and Surface Modification by Using Cavitating Jet
,”
Journal of Society of Materials Science Japan
,
47
(
4
), pp.
381
–
387
(in Japanese).
19.
Soyama
,
H.
,
Takano
,
Y.
, and
Ishimoto
,
M.
,
2000
, “
Peening of Forging Die by Cavitation
,”
Technical Review of Forging Technology
,
25
(
82
), pp.
53
–
57
(in Japanese).
20.
Yamauchi
,
Y.
,
Soyama
,
H.
,
Adachi
,
Y.
,
Sato
,
K.
,
Shindo
,
T.
,
Oba
,
R.
,
Oshima
,
R.
, and
Yamabe
,
M.
,
1995
, “
Suitable Region of High-Speed Submerged Water Jets for Cutting and Peening
,”
JSME Int. J., Ser. B
,
38
(
1
), pp.
31
–
38
.
21.
Soyama
,
H.
,
Lichtarowicz
,
A.
,
Momma
,
T.
, and
Williams
,
E. J.
,
1998
, “
A New Calibration Method for Dynamically Loaded Transducers and Its Application to Cavitation Impact Measurement
,”
ASME J. Fluids Eng.
,
120
(
4
), pp.
712
–
718
.
22.
Hattori, S., Suzuki, T., and Okada, T., 1997, “Pressure Distribution on Material Surface Due to Cavitation Bubble Collapses,” Proceedings of 9th Conference on Cavitation, pp. 35–38 (in Japanese).
23.
Soyama, H., Osada, K., and Saka, M., 1999, “Numerical Simulation on Introduction of Compressive Residual Stress by Cavitation Impact,” Preprint of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, No. 991-2, pp. 51–52.
Copyright © 2004
 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.