... in consideration of the residual stresses accumulated during both the packing and free-to-contract stages. For residual stress analysis, a thermorheologically simple viscoelastic material model was introduced to consider the stresses relaxation effect and to describe the mechanical behavior according...

...) followed by continual deformation as a function of time (viscous effect). This time-dependent deformation results in the decay of the applied load and is termed as relaxation. Stress relaxation in glass at high temperature has extensively been studied ( 3 ). Structural relaxation on the other hand...

...K. Idem; J. Peddieson, Corresponding author It is demonstrated that an age forming model based on the assumptions that the loading and unloading phases are dominated by linear elasticity while the aging phase is dominated by nonlinear stress relaxation is in qualitative agreement with experimental...