... Importance of Time and Surface Temperature in the Causation of Cutaneous Burns ,” Am. J. Pathol. , 23 , pp. 695 – 720 . Xu, L. X., and Liu, J., 1998, “Discussion of Non-Equilibrium Heat Transfer in Biological Systems,” Advances in Heat and Mass Transfer in Biotechnology , S. Clegg, ed., ASME, New York...

... be justified in such situations. A two-medium approach is used in the present work to account for the local thermal non-equilibrium. Separate energy equations are written for the solid and fluid respectively, and are closed using a steady-state interphase heat transfer coefficient between the two phases...

... Modeling Natural Convection Non-Equilibrium Irreversible phenomena in nature can act simultaneously 1 in such a way that under certain conditions imperceptible effects become perceptible. A typical example of the phenomena is the separation of a two specie gaseous mixture in two interconnected...

...L. H. Chai; M. Shoji Boiling system is a typical open dissipative structure. Focusing on the investigation of boundary adjacent to heating plate surface in boiling system, nonlinear non-equilibrium statistical thermodynamics theory of open systems was originally constructed. The competitive bubble...

... is induced by the highly heated electrons, dictated by both the temperature and temperature gradient established in the hot electron during the picosecond transient. Since the metal lattices remain almost thermally undisturbed in this highly non-equilibrium regime, the resulting ultrafast deformation...

...) are examined. Frictional drags for flow across the aluminum foam are measured by pressure taps, while interstitial heat transfer coefficients in the aluminum foam are determined using a transient single-blow technique with a thermal non-equilibrium two-equation model. Solid material temperature distribution...

... April 2000 20 January 2001 thin films phonons Boltzmann equation polarisation diffusion heat conduction digital simulation Monte Carlo methods Conduction Heat Transfer Microscale Monte Carlo Non-Equilibrium Thin Films During the past decade, aggressive scale-down...

... transfer Boiling Evaporation Heat Transfer Non-Equilibrium Vaporization The Knudsen number (Kn) is defined as the ratio of the mean free path of a gas, λ, to a dimension of an object which interacts with the gas, x , (1) Kn = λ x . According to Rohsenow and Choi 1...