Microprocessor powers are increasing at a phenomenal rate, which requires very small thermal resistance between the die (chip) and the ambient, if the current economical methods of conduction and convection cooling are to be utilized. A typical thermal solution in flip chip technology utilizes two levels of thermal interface materials: between the die and the heat spreader, and between the heat spreader and the heat sink. Phase change materials and thermal greases are among the most prominent interstitial thermal interface materials (TIM) used in electronic packaging. These TIMs are typically polymeric matrix loaded with highly conducting filler particles. The dwindling thermal budget has necessitated a better understanding of the thermal resistance of each component of the thermal solution. Thermal conductivity of these particle-laden materials is better understood than their contact resistance. A careful review of the literature reveals the lack of analytical models for the prediction of contact resistance of these types of interstitial materials, which possess fluidic properties. This paper introduces an analytical model for the thermal contact resistance of these types of interstitial materials. This model is compared with the experimental data obtained on the contact resistance of these TIMs. The model, which depends on parameters such as, surface tension, contact angle, thermal conductivity, roughness and pressure matches very well with the experimental data at low pressures and is still within the error bars at higher pressures.
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Surface Chemistry and Characteristics Based Model for the Thermal Contact Resistance of Fluidic Interstitial Thermal Interface Materials
Ravi S. Prasher, Associate Mem. ASME
Ravi S. Prasher, Associate Mem. ASME
Sr. Packaging Engineer, Assembly Technology Development, CH5-157, Intel Corporation, 5000 W. Chandler Blvd. Chandler, AZ 85226-3699
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Ravi S. Prasher, Associate Mem. ASME
Sr. Packaging Engineer, Assembly Technology Development, CH5-157, Intel Corporation, 5000 W. Chandler Blvd. Chandler, AZ 85226-3699
Contributed by the Heat Transfer Division for publication in the JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER. Manuscript received by the Heat Transfer Division August 28, 2000; revision received February 27, 2001. Associate Editor: H. Bau.
J. Heat Transfer. Oct 2001, 123(5): 969-975 (7 pages)
Published Online: February 27, 2001
Article history
Received:
August 28, 2000
Revised:
February 27, 2001
Citation
Prasher, R. S. (February 27, 2001). "Surface Chemistry and Characteristics Based Model for the Thermal Contact Resistance of Fluidic Interstitial Thermal Interface Materials ." ASME. J. Heat Transfer. October 2001; 123(5): 969–975. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1388301
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