Electron Beam Deflection When Welding Dissimilar Metals

High-intensity electron beam deflection due to thermoelectric magnetism generated during the welding of dissimilar metals is systematically and analytically investigated. A simple thermoelectric model is proposed and the temperature field, penetration depth of the fusion zone, magnetic field, and motion of an electron are determined. Deviation of the fused zone from a joint is affected by the incident angle of the energy beam, the difference in Seebeck coefficients of workpieces, relative magnetic permeability, beam power, welding speed, thermal and electrical conductivities, and the effective electrical contact resistance. Their effects are clearly interpreted in this study. Analytical results for the deviation of the fused zone from the joint between the materials to be welded show good agreement with available experimental data.