The characterization of volatile and nonvolatile particle materials present in gas turbine exhaust is critical for accurate estimation of the potential impacts of airport activities on local air quality, atmospheric processes, and climate change. Two field campaigns were performed to collect an extensive set of particle and gaseous emission data for on-wing gas turbine engines. The tests included CFM56, RB211-535E4-B, AE3007, PW4158, and CJ610 engines, providing the opportunity to compare emissions from a wide range of engine technologies. Here we report mass, number, composition, and size data for the nonvolatile (soot) and volatile particles present in engine exhaust. For all engines, soot emissions (-soot) are greater at climbout (85% power) and takeoff (100%) power than idle (4% or 7%) and approach (30%). At the engine exit plane, soot is the only type of particle detected. For exhaust sampled downwind (15–50 m) and diluted by ambient air, total particle number emissions (-total) increases by about one or two orders of magnitude relative to the engine exit plane, and the increase is driven by volatile particles that have freshly nucleated in the cooling exhaust gas both in the free atmosphere and in the extractive sample lines. Fuel sulfur content is the determining factor for nucleation of new particles in the cooling exhaust gases. Compositional analysis indicates that the volatile particles consist of sulfate and organic materials (-sulfate and -organic). We estimate a lower bound S[IV] to S[VI] conversion efficiency of , independent of engine technology. Measurements of -organic ranged from about to . Lubrication oil was present in particles emitted by all engines and accounted for over 90% of the particulate organic mass under some conditions. The products of incomplete combustion are a likely source of the remaining volatile organic particle material.
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June 2010
Research Papers
Gas Turbine Engine Emissions—Part II: Chemical Properties of Particulate Matter
Michael T. Timko,
Michael T. Timko
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
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Timothy B. Onasch,
Timothy B. Onasch
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
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Megan J. Northway,
Megan J. Northway
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
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John T. Jayne,
John T. Jayne
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
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Manjula R. Canagaratna,
Manjula R. Canagaratna
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
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Scott C. Herndon,
Scott C. Herndon
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
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Ezra C. Wood,
Ezra C. Wood
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
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Richard C. Miake-Lye,
Richard C. Miake-Lye
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
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W. Berk Knighton
W. Berk Knighton
Department of Chemistry,
Montana State University
, P.O. Box 173400, Bozeman, MT 59717-3400
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Michael T. Timko
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
Timothy B. Onasch
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
Megan J. Northway
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
John T. Jayne
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
Manjula R. Canagaratna
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
Scott C. Herndon
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
Ezra C. Wood
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
Richard C. Miake-Lye
Aerodyne Research Inc.
, 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821-3976
W. Berk Knighton
Department of Chemistry,
Montana State University
, P.O. Box 173400, Bozeman, MT 59717-3400J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. Jun 2010, 132(6): 061505 (15 pages)
Published Online: March 19, 2010
Article history
Received:
April 13, 2009
Revised:
July 7, 2009
Published:
March 19, 2010
Connected Content
A companion article has been published:
Gas Turbine Engine Emissions—Part I: Volatile Organic Compounds and Nitrogen Oxides
Citation
Timko, M. T., Onasch, T. B., Northway, M. J., Jayne, J. T., Canagaratna, M. R., Herndon, S. C., Wood, E. C., Miake-Lye, R. C., and Knighton, W. B. (March 19, 2010). "Gas Turbine Engine Emissions—Part II: Chemical Properties of Particulate Matter." ASME. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. June 2010; 132(6): 061505. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4000132
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