... benefactors of the low-order mode contribution while the wall-normal turbulence intensities are the least. 22 12 2009 07 11 2010 17 02 2011 17 02 2011 boundary layer turbulence correlation methods flow visualisation jets A wall jet is formed when a jet of fluid...

... to turbulent transitions laminar flow turbulence boundary layer turbulence channel flow pipe flow viscosity correlation methods There have been many theoretical and experimental studies of the processes that cause laminar to turbulent transition in boundary layers and the phenomena occurring...

... correlation methods shear flow velocity In strong adverse pressure gradient (APG) boundary layers the main turbulent production term, − uv ¯ ∂ U / ∂ y , has two maxima, one close to the surface and a second which moves towards the middle of the layer with increasing pressure...

... in the average. The average correlation method better than performs the other two methods, and produces less than 0.5–1 percent erroneous measurements after averaging eight realizations. The average image method produces about 95 percent reliable velocity measurements, and reaches a maximum at four averages...