At the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Stuttgart, a lightweight stack design for mobile applications was developed in cooperation with the automotive industry (BMW, Munich; Elring-Klinger, Dettingen; Rhodius, Weissenburg). This concept is based on the application of stamped metal sheet bipolar plates into which porous metallic substrate-supported cells (MSCs) are integrated. The paper concentrates on the one hand on the investigation of plasma sprayed button cells with a diameter of on porous metallic substrates during reduction/oxidation and thermal cycling. On the other hand, another focus lies in the electrochemical testing of short stacks in the cassette arrangement. The microstructure of the cells was characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive microanalysis (EDX) before and after operation. The cells and short stacks were electrochemically characterized mainly by long-term measurements (life cycle), by current-voltage measurements, and by impedance spectroscopy. In order to understand the nature of degradation mechanisms, the open-circuit voltages (OCV), the ohmic resistances, and the polarization resistances, during dynamic operation are compared and discussed. In order to distinguish between degradation effects due to the dynamic operation and usual stationary effects, these values are compared to values of noncycled cells. All of the cells investigated were able to withstand ten redox and ten thermal cycles without severe failure. Their redox- and thermal-cycling behavior are strongly dependent on their OCVs, which decrease during cycling. This proves that thermomechanical stresses in the electrolyte layer play a major role for the electrochemical performance of the cells during cycling. The improvement of the electrodes during the first of operation and the ohmic resistance of the cells are not significantly influenced by the cycling. The first four-cell short stack with the cassette arrangement shows promising results with an OCV of and an overall power of at . The performances of the single cells are in the range of . The differences in cell performance can be attributed to different polarization resistances of the cells in the cassettes, which might be caused by a nonuniform gas supply in the short stack.
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November 2007
This article was originally published in
Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology
Technical Papers
Development of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Short Stacks for Mobile Application
M. Lang,
M. Lang
Institute of Technical Thermodynamics (ITT),
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
, Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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P. Szabo,
P. Szabo
Institute of Technical Thermodynamics (ITT),
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
, Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Z. Ilhan,
Z. Ilhan
Institute of Technical Thermodynamics (ITT),
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
, Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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S. Cinque,
S. Cinque
Institute of Technical Thermodynamics (ITT),
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
, Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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T. Franco,
T. Franco
Institute of Technical Thermodynamics (ITT),
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
, Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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G. Schiller
G. Schiller
Institute of Technical Thermodynamics (ITT),
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
, Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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M. Lang
Institute of Technical Thermodynamics (ITT),
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
, Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
P. Szabo
Institute of Technical Thermodynamics (ITT),
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
, Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
Z. Ilhan
Institute of Technical Thermodynamics (ITT),
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
, Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
S. Cinque
Institute of Technical Thermodynamics (ITT),
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
, Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
T. Franco
Institute of Technical Thermodynamics (ITT),
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
, Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
G. Schiller
Institute of Technical Thermodynamics (ITT),
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
, Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, D-70569 Stuttgart, GermanyJ. Fuel Cell Sci. Technol. Nov 2007, 4(4): 384-391 (8 pages)
Published Online: May 8, 2006
Article history
Received:
December 5, 2005
Revised:
May 8, 2006
Citation
Lang, M., Szabo, P., Ilhan, Z., Cinque, S., Franco, T., and Schiller, G. (May 8, 2006). "Development of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Short Stacks for Mobile Application." ASME. J. Fuel Cell Sci. Technol. November 2007; 4(4): 384–391. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2756569
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