This paper reports on part of a project related to the development of a computer model for GD&T (Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing) to support tolerance specification, validation and tolerance analysis. The paper examines the basic elements involved in geometric variation and their interrelations. Logical tolerance classes are defined in terms of a target, a datum reference frame, and metric relations. ASME Y14.5 tolerance classes are mapped to these logical classes. The development of a data model for GD&T and its application in supporting design specification, validation, and tolerance analysis are discussed.
Issue Section:
Technical Papers
1.
ASME, 1994, Dimensioning and Tolerancing, ASME Y14.5M-1994a, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York.
2.
ASME, 1994, Mathematical Definition of Dimensioning and Tolerancing Principles. ASME Y14.5.1M-1994b, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York.
3.
ISO 1101-Dimensioning & Tolerancing standard.
4.
Johnson, R. H., 1985, “Dimensioning and Tolerancing-Final Report,” R84-GM-02-2, CAM-I. Arlington, Texas.
5.
Ranyak, P. S., and Fridshal, R., 1988, “Features for Tolerancing a Solid Model,” ASME Computers in Engineering Conference, 1, pp. 262–274.
6.
Shah, J. J., and Miller, D., 1990, “A Structure for Supporting Geometric Tolerances in Product Definition Systems for CIM,” Manuf. Rev., 3(1).
7.
Roy
, U.
, and Liu
, C. R.
, 1993
, “Integrated CAD Frameworks: Tolerance Representation Scheme in a Solid Model
,” Computers & Industrial Engineering
, 24
(3
), pp. 495
–509
.8.
Roy
, U.
, and Fang
, Y. C.
, 1996
, “Tolerance Representation Scheme for a Three-dimensional Product in an Object-oriented Programming Environment
,” IIE Trans.
, 28
, pp. 809
–819
.9.
Maeda, T., and Tokuoka, N., 1995, “Toleranced Feature Modeling by Constraint of Degree of Freedom for Assignment of Tolerance,” Proceedings of 4th CIRP Design Seminar, Tokyo, Japan, April 5–6 1995, pp. 89–103.
10.
Tsai
, J. C.
, and Cutkosky
, M. R.
, 1997
, “Representation and Reasoning of Geometric Tolerances in Design
,” Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing
, 11
, pp. 325
–341
.11.
Requicha
, A. A. G.
, 1983
, “Toward a Theory of Geometric Tolerancing
,” Int. J. Robot. Res.
, 2
(4
), pp. 45
–60
.12.
Jayaraman
, R.
, and Srinivasan
, V.
, 1989
, “Geometric Tolerancing: I. Virtual Boundary Requirements
,” IBM J. Res. Dev.
, 33
(2
), pp. 90
–104
.13.
Hillyard
, R. C.
, and Braid
, I. C.
, 1978
, “Analysis of Dimensions and Tolerances in Computer Aided Mechanical Design
,” Computer Aided Design
, 10
(3
), pp. 161
–166
.14.
Krishna
, K.
, Krishnan
, Osama
, Eyada
, K.
, and Ong
, Jin B.
, 1997
, “Modeling of Manufacturing Processes Characteristics for Automated Tolerance Analysis
,” International Journal of Industrial Engineering
, 4
(3
), pp. 187
–196
.15.
Turner
, J. U.
, 1993
, “A Feasibility Space Approach for Automated Tolerancing
,” J. Eng. Ind.
, 115
(3
), pp. 341
–346
.16.
Rivest, L., Fortin, C., and Desrochers, A., 1993, “Tolerance Modeling for 3D Analysis-Presenting a Kinamatic Formulation,” Proceedings of 3rd CIRP Seminars on Computer Aided Tolerancing, France, April 27–28, pp. 51–74.
17.
Desrochers
, A.
, and Riviere
, A.
, 1997
, “A Matrix Approach to the Representation of Tolerance Zone and Clearances. Source
,” The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology
, 13
(9
), pp. 630
–636
.18.
Chase K. W., Magleby S. P., and Gao J. S., 2000, “Tolerance Analysis of 2-D and 3-D Mechanical Assemblies with Small Kinematic Adjustments,” http://adcats.et.byu.edu/WWW/Publication/index.html.
19.
Zhang, B. C., 1992, “Geometric Modeling of Dimensioning and Tolerancing,” Ph.D. Thesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.
20.
Wu, Y., 2002, “Development of Mathematical Tools for Modeling Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing,” Ph.D. Dissertation, August 2002, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287.
21.
Kandikjian
, T.
, Shah
, J.
, and Davidson
, J.
, 1999
, “A Mechanism for Validating Dimensioning & Tolerancing Schemes in CAD Systems
,” Computer aided Design
, 33
(10
), pp. 721
–37
.22.
Cle´ment A., Rivie´re A., and Serre P., 1995, “A Declarative Information Model for Functional Requirement,” Proceedings of the 4th CIRP Design Seminar, Tokyo, Japan, April 5–6, pp. 1–16.
23.
Desrochers, A., and Maranzana, R., 1995, “Constrained Dimensioning and Tolerancing Assistance for Mechanisms,” Proceedings of the 4th CIRP Design Seminar, Tokyo, Japan, April 5–6, pp. 17–30.
24.
Davidson
, J.
, Mujezinovic
, A.
, and Shah
, J.
, 2002
, “A New Mathematical Model for Geometric Tolerances as Applied to Round Faces
,” ASME J. Mech. Des.
, 124 pp.
609
–623
.25.
Ramaswamy, S., Shah J., Davidson, J., 2001, “Computer Aided GD&T Advisor Based on Y14.5 Conformance and Good Practice,” ASME DFM conference, Sep., Pittsburgh.
Copyright © 2003
by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.