... of their preloaded vibration modes. For detailed structural components such as hinges and connectors, modeling simplification using rigid elements is commonly adopted at preliminary design stages when global structural modes are concerned. However, the inadequate geometric stiffness of preloaded rigid elements...

..., and the nonlinearities of the beam strain are modeled through a geometric stiffness matrix. The contact effects between curved beams and the external wall are also modeled, and corresponding numerical methods are discussed. Simulations are carried out using the developed element to analyze the dynamics and statics...