... fluid and from the magnetic field on the suspended particle are idealized as being localized on beads. Microscale constitutive equations relating flow, stress, and particle orientation are produced by integrating the coupled equations governing forces, flow, and orientation over a representative volume...

... 31 01 2008 The use of analytical modeling of continuous chip formation in conjunction with orthogonal cutting experiments is proposed in the open literature to identify the material coefficients of constitutive equation within the practical range of stress, strain, strain rate...